Network Meta-analysis of efficacy of Chinese patent medicine in treatment of inflammatory response in diabetic nephropathy / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of various Chinese patent medicines in the treatment of inflammatory response in diabetic nephropathy(DN) based on network Meta-analysis. Randomized controlled trial(RCT) of oral Chinese patent medicines for improving inflammatory response in patients with DN was retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMbase, Web of Science, and other databases from database inception to October 2022. All investigators independently screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated the quality. Stata 16.0 software and RevMan 5.4.1 were used to analyze the data of the literature that met the quality standards. Finally, 53 RCTs were included, involving 6 Chinese patent medicines. The total sample size was 4 891 cases, including 2 449 cases in the test group and 2 442 cases in the control group. The network Meta-analysis showed that(1) in terms of reducing TNF-α, the top 3 optimal interventions according to the surface under the cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA) were Shenshuaining Capsules/Granules/Tablets + conventional western medicine, Jinshuibao Capsules + conventional western medicine, and Niaoduqing Granules + conventional western medicine.(2) In terms of reducing hs-CRP, the top 3 optimal interventions according to SUCRA were Bailing Capsules + conventional western medicine, Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets + conventional western medicine, and Shenshuaining Capsules/Granules/Tablets + conventional western medicine.(3) In terms of reducing IL-6, the top 3 optimal interventions according to SUCRA were Bailing Capsules + conventional western medicine, Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets + conventional western medicine, and Jinshuibao Capsules + conventional western medicine.(4) In terms of reducing UAER, the top 3 optimal interventions according to SUCRA were Shenshuaining Capsules/Granules/Tablets + conventional western medicine, Huangkui Capsules + conventional western medicine, and Jinshuibao Capsules + conventional western medicine.(5) In terms of reducing Scr, the top 3 optimal interventions according to SUCRA were Jinshuibao Capsules + conventional western medicine, Niaoduqing Granules + conventional wes-tern medicine, and Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets + conventional western medicine.(6) In terms of reducing BUN, the first 3 optimal interventions according to SUCRA were Niaoduqing Granules + conventional western medicine, Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets + conventional western medicine, and Huangkui Capsules + conventional western medicine.(7) In terms of improving the clinical total effective rate, the first 3 optimal interventions according to SUCRA were Jinshuibao Capsules + conventional western medicine, Niaoduqing Granu-les + conventional western medicine, and Huangkui Capsules + conventional western medicine. The results showed that the combination of western medicine and Chinese patent medicine could reduce the expression of serum inflammatory factors TNF-α, hs-CRP, and IL-6 and inhibit the inflammatory response. The combination of western medicine and Chinese patent medicine was superior to western medicine alone in reducing Scr, BUN, and UAER, and improving the total effective rate of treatment. Due to the limitation of the quantity and quality of literature included, the above conclusions need to be validated by more high-quality studies.

Impact of the depth of remission by induction chemotherapy on the prognosis of limited stage small cell lung cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To evaluate the effect of depth of remission of induction chemotherapy on the overall prognosis of limited stage small cell lung cancer (L-SCLC). Methods: The study was a retrospective, L-SCLC patients who contained complete imaging data and underwent consecutive standardized treatments at the Department of Thoracic Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University between January 2013 and June 2021 were included. To delineate the volume of tumor before and after induction chemotherapy and to calculate the depth of remission caused by the induced chemotherapy. The time receiver operating characteristic (timeROC) method was used to determine the optimal predictors for prognosis, multi-factor analysis using Cox risk proportional model. Results: A total of 104 patients were included in this study. The median PFS and OS of this cohort were 13.7 months and 20.9 months, respectively. It was observed by timeROC analysis that residual tumor volume after induction chemotherapy had the optimal predictive value of PFS at 1 year (AUC=0.86, 95% CI: 0.78~0.94) and OS at 2 years (AUC=0.76, 95% CI: 0.65~0.87). Multivariate analysis showed residual tumor volume after induction chemotherapy was the independent prognostic factor to PFS (HR=1.006, 95% CI: 1.003~1.009, P<0.01) and OS (HR=1.009, 95% CI: 1.005~1.012, P<0.001). For those whose residual tumor volume remitted to less than 10 cm(3) after induction chemotherapy, the favorable long-term outcomes could be achieved, regardless of their initial tumor load. Conclusion: The depth of remission of induction chemotherapy could be a promising prognostic predictor to the L-SCLC and provide the individualized treatment guidance.

Investigation of viral etiology with sever acute respiratory infection of hospitalized patients in Guangdong Province from 2019 to 2021 / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To investigate the infection status and epidemiological characteristics of viral pathogens in hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) in Guangdong Province from 2019 to 2021, so as to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and prevention. Methods The respiratory tract samples of SARI patients collected from 2019 to 2021 were detected and analyzed for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus (ADV), human rhinovirus/enterovirus (HRV/EV), human metapneumonic virus (HMPV) and other common respiratory viruses using Luminex respiratory multi-pathogen detection technology. Results A total of 1 948 influenza-negative cases were collected, of which 24.28 % were positive detection of virus infection. HRV/EV was the highest (10.32%), followed by RSV (4.31%). The detection rates were statistically significantly different among different age groups (χ2=176.186，P2=0.042，P>0.05). The detection peaks of RSV were mainly concentrated in summer and autumn, while HMPV was prevalent in winter, and HRV/EV and ADV had no obvious seasonality. Mixed infection was found in 39 samples, and the mixed infection rate was 2.00%. In the mixed infection cases, HPIV and HRV/EV combined infection was the most common. Conclusion HRV/EV, RSV, HMPV and ADV are predominant viral pathogens in SARI influenza-negative hospitalized cases in Guangdong Province from 2019 to 2021. It is recommended to strengthen the surveillance of SARI cases in children under 5 years old.

Protective effects of diosmetin on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice / 现代泌尿外科杂志

【Objective】 To investigate whether diosmetin has protective effects on renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in mice and explore the potential mechanism. 【Methods】 A total of 45 BALB/c male mice were randomly divided into the sham group, I/R group and diosmetin treatment group. The protective effects of diosmetin on the renal function of mice was evaluated by detecting blood biochemical indexes and renal tissue HE staining injury score. The expression of p-P65, a key molecule of NF-κB family, was detected with immunohistochemistry and western blotting, and the downstream inflammatory factors of NF-κB signaling pathway were detected with quantitative polymerace chain reaction (qPCR). 【Results】 Compared with the sham group, the I/R group had significantly increased levels of serum creatinine and urea nitrogen, significantly damaged morphological construction, and significantly increased expressions of p-P65 and inflammatory cytokines, while the diosmetin treatment group had decreased levels of serological indexes, improved structure of kidney tissue and reduced expressions of p-P65 and inflammatory cytokines. 【Conclusion】 Diosmetin can protect kidney from I/R-induced acute kidney injury by inhibiting NF-κB pathway in mice.

Effect of air-oxygenated normothermic mechanical perfusion on rat kidney recovery following ischemic injury from donation after cardiac death / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective:To develop an ex vivo normothermic mechanical perfusion(NMP)and compare the effect of air-oxygenated NMP versus oxygen-oxygenated NMP on reducing renal injury from donor after cardiac death(DCD).Methods:All kidneys from DCD rats were subjected to 30 min in situ warm ischemia after cardiac attest.And harvested kidneys were stored for 8h under static cold preservation after NMP for 2h.In experimental groups, kidneys were subjected to either air-oxygenated NMP(group A, n=6)or oxygen-oxygenated NMP(group O, n=6). Sham operation(group C, n=6)and DCD kidneys under static cold preservation without NMP(group SCS, n=6)were employed as controls.The evaluation parameters included creatinine(Cr), aspartate amino transferase(AST)and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)in perfusate, pathological changes by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining, histological criteria, expressions of myeloperoxidase and intercellular adhesion molecular-1(ICAM-1)by immunohistochemistry and Western blot, tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6)by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay and level of malondialdehyde(MDA)by thiobarbital method and activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)by WST-8 in renal tissues.Differences between two groups were analyzed by two-tailed unpaired Student's test and differences among more than two groups by one-way ANOVA.Results:Renal arterial oxygen tensions in NMP perfusate were(576.3±68.2)mmHg with oxygen-oxygenation and(137.0±39.1)mmHg with air-oxygenation.There was significant difference( P<0.05). The pathological injury scores in groups SCS, O and A by HE staining were(7.0±0.1), (5.0±0.9)and(2.5±0.5); injury scores and the expressions of renal proximal tubular epithelial cell vacuolar degeneration in groups O and A were lower than those in group SCS( P<0.05)and injury score in group A was lower than group O( P<0.05). In perfusate, the levels of △Cr, △AST and △LDH in groups O and A were(43.9±52.8)μmol/L and(12.6±3.5)μmol/L, (532.3±52.8)U/L and(49.1±50.4)U/L and(9998.0±2014.4)U/L and(1477.0±810.4)U/L.There were significant differences( P<0.05). In perfused kidneys, the MDA level and SOD activity in groups O and A were(0.192±0.018)mmol/g, (0.162±0.023)mmol/g, (0.6±0.3)×10 3 U/g, (1.7±0.4)×10 3 U/g; TNF-α and IL-6 levels in groups O and A were(124.376±19.635)and(89.331±13.123)ng/g, and(4.038±1.026)×10 3 and(1.774±0.518)×10 3 ng/g.After air-oxygenated NMP, lower renal damage indices were characterized by a lower MDA level and a higher SOD activity, the lower levels of TNF-α and IL-6 and the lower expressions of MPO and ICAM-1 than those in oxygen-oxygenated NMP( P<0.05). Conclusions:NMP with air-oxygenation mimics renal perfusion under physiological conditions and decreases oxidative stress and inflammation injury.It may confer a better retrieval in DCD kidney against warm ischemia injury.

Effect of Ginsenoside Rg1 on Biological Activity of Cryopreserved Schwann Cells and Nerve Regeneration After Allograft in Rat Sciatic Nerve / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of ginsenoside Rg1 （G-Rg1） on the biological activity of cryopreserved Schwann cells （SCs） of the rat sciatic nerve and explore the feasibility of G-Rg1 in reducing the cryopreservation-induced injury in SCs. MethodBilateral sciatic nerves of SD rats were randomly divided into a fresh group， a blank group， and five G-Rg1 groups of different doses （1×10-7， 1×10-6， 1×10-5， 1×10-4， and 1×10-3 mol·L-1）. The nerves in the blank group and the G-Rg1 groups were preserved in liquid nitrogen solutions containing 0， 1×10-7， 1×10-6， 1×10-5， 1×10-4， and 1×10-3 mol·L-1 G-Rg1 for four weeks. The apoptosis of SCs was detected by TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling （TUNEL）/S100 immunofluorescence staining. The expression of cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease （Caspase）-9， Caspase-3， major histocompatibility complex （MHC）-Ⅰ， and MHC-Ⅱ was detected by Western blot. Subsequently， all nerves were cultured in the incubator at 37 ℃ with 5% CO2 for 7 days. The expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor （GDNF） and nerve growth factor （NGF） was detected by Western blot. In addition， the above cryopreserved nerves in the blank group and the 1×10-6， 1×10-5， and 1×10-4 mol·L-1 G-Rg1 groups were transplanted to the Wistar rats by allografting （blank transplantation group and the 1×10-6， 1×10-5， and 1×10-4 mol·L-1 G-Rg1 transplantation groups）， and fresh sciatic nerve allograft and isograft control group were set up. Sixteen weeks after transplantation， compound muscle action potential （CMAP） and nerve conduction velocity （NCV） were measured by electrophysiology. Nerve filament （NF）200 immunofluorescence staining， transmission electron microscopy， and toluidine blue staining were used to analyze the histology of the regenerated nerves. ResultCompared with the fresh group， the blank group and the G-Rg1 groups showed increased expression of Caspase-9， Caspase-3， and the apoptosis of SCs （P<0.05，P<0.01） and decreased expression of GDNF， NGF， MHC-Ⅰ， and MHC-Ⅱ （P<0.01）. Compared with the results in the blank group， the expression of Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 decreased in the 1×10-7， 1×10-6， 1×10-5，1×10-4 mol·L-1 G-Rg1 groups （P<0.01）， and the apoptosis of SCs was reduced in the 1×10-7-1×10-4 mol·L-1 G-Rg1 groups（P<0.05，P<0.01） and increased in the 1×10-3 mol·L-1 group （P<0.05）， while the expression of GDNF and NGF increased in the 1×10-7， 1×10-6， 1×10-5，1×10-4 mol·L-1 G-Rg1 groups and decreased in the 1×10-3 mol·L-1 group （P<0.05）. There was no statistical significance in the expression of MHC-Ⅰ and MHC-Ⅱ between the blank group and the G-Rg1 groups. Compared with the 1×10-7 mol·L-1 and 1×10-3 mol·L-1 G-Rg1 groups， the 1×10-6 1×10-5， 1×10-4 mol·L-1 G-Rg1 groups showed decreased expression of Caspase-3 and the apoptosis of SCs （P<0.05，P<0.01） and increased expression of GDNF and NGF （P<0.05，P<0.01）. There was no statistical significance in MHC-Ⅰ and MHC-Ⅱ expression among G-Rg1 groups. Sixteen weeks after transplantation， compared with the isograft group， the blank transplantation group and the G-Rg1 transplantation groups showed decreased CMAP， NCV， myelin sheath thickness， and number of myelinated nerve fibers （P<0.01）， and the 1×10-6 and 1×10-4 mol·L-1 G-Rg1 transplantation groups showed decreased NF200 （P<0.01）. Compared with the allograft group， the blank transplantation group and the G-Rg1 transplantation groups showed increased CMAP， NCV， NF200， myelin sheath thickness， and number of myelinated nerve fibers （P<0.05，P<0.01）. Compared with the blank transplantation group， the G-Rg1 transplantation groups showed increased CMAP， NCV， NF200， myelin sheath thickness， and number of myelinated nerve fibers （P<0.05，P<0.01）. Among all groups of G-Rg1 transplantation， each index of the 1×10-5 mol·L-1 G-Rg1 transplantation group was superior to that of the 1×10-4 and 1×10-6 mol·L-1 G-Rg1 transplantation group （P<0.05）. ConclusionG-Rg1 at a certain centration can maintain the biological activity of cryopreserved SCs of rat sciatic nerve， alleviate the cryopreservation-induced injury of rat sciatic nerve， and promote nerve regeneration after allograft.

Analysis of influenza surveillance in Dehong Prefecture， Yunnan Province from 2016 to 2020 / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo perform the analysis of influenza surveillance in Dehong from 2016 to 2020 and determine the epidemic situation of influenza and prevalent virus strains， so as to provide evidence for local influenza prevention and control. MethodsThe influenza surveillance data in Dehong Prefecture was collected from January 2016 to December 2020. Statistical analysis was conducted by descriptive epidemiological methods. ResultsA total of 4 146 samples from influenza-like illness cases were examined. The 502 specimens tested positive for influenza virus， including 311 cases with influenza A virus and 136 cases with influenza B virus， resulting in a positive rate of 12.11%. The positive rate was the highest in 2017， followed by 2019， and the lowest in 2020 （P < 0.05）. It peaked in winter and fall. Furthermore， it was the lowest among children aged 0‒4 years and the highest among adults aged 25‒59 （P < 0.001）. In addition， positive rate did not differ significantly by gender（P>0.05） ConclusionThe positive rate of influenza has decreased in Dehong since January 2020. The influenza epidemic is seasonal， mainly in fall and winter， except 2020. Influenza A virus is predominant， compared to alternating influenza B virus.

Polyhydroxylated eudesmane sesquiterpenoids and sesquiterpenoid glucoside from the flower buds of Tussilago farfara / 中国天然药物

Chemical fractionation of the n-BuOH partition, which was generated from the EtOH extract of the flower buds of Tussilago farfara, afforded a series of polar constituents including four new sesquiterpenoids (1-4), one new sesquiterpenoid glucoside (5) and one known analogue (6) of the eudesmane type, as well as five known quinic acid derivatives (7-11). Structures of the new compounds were unambiguously characterized by detailed spectroscopic analyses, with their absolute configurations being established by X-ray crystallography, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation and induced ECD experiments. The inhibitory effect of all the isolates against LPS-induced NO production in murine RAW264.7 macrophages was evaluated, with isochlorogenic acid A (7) showing significant inhibitory activity.

Study of rrPDGF-BB gene modified BMSCs in promoting distraction osteogenesis of rat femur / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effect of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transfected with recombinant rat platelet-derived growth factor BB (rrPDGF-BB) gene on the distraction osteogenesis.Methods:From October, 2019 to June, 2020, 48 batches of BMSCs were cultured from 48 young SD rats, 24 of which were transfected with rrPDGF-BB gene by lentivirus. Meanwhile, other 72 male adult SD rats were randomly selected to establish the right femoral distraction osteogenesis model. The rats were equally divided into 3 groups. PBS, BMSCs without intervention and BMSCs transfected with rrPDGF-BB gene were injected into the distraction space of each group of rats assigned as Blank group, Negative group and Experimental group, respectively. Results of the experiment were evaluated by means of imaging and immunohistochemistry. P<0.05 indicated a statistically significant difference. Results:The cultured BMSCs grew well. The expression of CD34(0.1%) and CD45(2.8%) in the third generation of BMSCs was low, and that of CD29 (95.1%) was high, which was consistent with the phenotype of BMSCs described in literatures. After transfection, the expression of green fluorescence gradually increased with the extension of transfection time, confirming the success of transfection. After 14 days, all rats reached the expected distance of distraction. The rats were observed at assigned time points in 2, 4 and 8 weeks. The photos of femur specimen showed that continuous callus could be seen in the experimental group, the hardness and colour were close to the normal bone tissue, and the activity of the distraction space was poor, which was lower than that of the blank group. X-ray examination showed that there were more new callus in the experimental group, and the bone marrow cavity was re-canalized earlier than that of the blank group; Micro-CT examination, in sagittal plane, showed that the distraction space of the experimental group healed well, the broken end was connected, and the recanalization of bone marrow cavity was earlier than that of the blank group; Micro-CT parameters of each group showed that trabecular thickness[(0.297±0.005) mm], trabecular number [(1.663±0.032) mm], bone volume fraction[(59.832±2.187)%] and bone mineral density[(0.586±0.014) g/cm 3] of the experimental group were the greatest, while trabecular separation[(0.399±0.051) mm] of the experimental group was the smallest. There was statistical difference between each group( P < 0.05); HE staining and VEGF immunohistochemistry showed that the vessels and chondrocytes formed earlier and were more in the experimental group than that in the blank group. In 8 weeks, the new callus joined into one piece under the microscope in the experimental group, and the bone marrow cavity was re-canalized with a large number of red blood cells. Conclusion:Studies have shown that BMSCs transfected with rrPDGF-BB gene can promote the formation of callus in the distraction area of rats, shorten the mineralisation time of new callus, and promote the maturation of new bone in the area of distraction osteogenesis.

Comparison of the Legiolert enzyme-substrate method and the conventional cultivation for the detection of Legionella pneumophila in water samples from public places / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To compare the detection effects of Legionella pneumophila in water samples from public places by the Legiolert enzyme-substrate method and the conventional cultivation. Methods The Legiolert enzyme-substrate method and the conventional cultivation method were used to detect Legionella pneumophila in cooling water and shower water samples collected in public places. Isolated strains were verified and serotyped. Results A total of 68 samples were collected and tested. The positive rate of the conventional cultivation and the Legiolert enzyme-substrate method were 5.88%（4/68）and 35.29%（24/68）, respectively, with a significant difference （χ2=16.41，P2=16.41，P=0.000). A total of 25 strains of Legionella pneumophila were isolated，and the serum types were mainly LP1（14/25）. Conclusion The Legiolert enzyme-substrate method represente a higher detection rate of Legionella pneumophila in water samples from public places than the conventional cultivation.

Clinical features of children with periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenitis syndrome: an analysis of 13 cases / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the clinical features of children with periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome, a polygenic and multifactorial autoinflammatory disease with unknown pathogenesis.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 13 children with PFAPA syndrome.@*RESULTS@#All 13 children had disease onset within the age of 3 years, with a mean age of onset of (14±10) months. They all had periodic fever, with 8-18 attacks each year. The mean interictal period of fever was (30±5) days. Pharyngitis, cervical adenitis, and aphthous stomatitis were the three cardinal symptoms, with incidence rates of 100% (13/13), 85% (11/13), and 38% (5/13) respectively. There were increases in white blood cells, C-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate during fever. Of all the 13 children, 6 underwent whole exome sequencing and 7 underwent panel gene detection for autoinflammatory disease, and the results showed single heterozygous mutations in the @*CONCLUSIONS@#For children with unexplained periodic fever with early onset accompanied by pharyngitis, cervical adenitis, aphthous stomatitis, elevated inflammatory indices, and good response to glucocorticoids, PFAPA syndrome should be considered. This disorder has good prognosis, and early diagnosis can avoid the long-term repeated use of antibiotics.

Application of allogeneic platelet gel in surgical operation for giant aortic aneurysms, one case / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To explore the effect of allogeneic platelet gel on hemostasis and repair of vascular anastomoses and wounds in patients with giant aortic aneurysms during surgery. 【Methods】 One adult dose of allogeneic platelets, applied as platelet rich plasma (PRP), was prepared as platelet gel (PG) (about 220 mL) for spraying or smearing at the vascular anastomosis and thoracic wound during the surgery of giant aortic aneurysms. 【Results】 The gel formation was presented about 30 seconds after spraying or smearing with PG on the anastomotic and wound surface. The hemostatic effect is good, with less postoperative drainage fluid from pericardium and mediastinum than usual, and the ICU stay was 4 days. 【Conclusion】 Allogeneic platelets as a source of PRP to prepare PG may be applied to obtain the clotting and healing during surgical operation.

Effect of Siwu decoction on the radiation injury of Zebrafish blood system / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To observe the effect of Chinese herbal compound Siwu decoction (SW) on radiation injury of zebra fish blood system, and to clarify whether zebra fish is a suitable model for this study. Methods:Totally 72 of 4-month-old adult male zebra fish ( Danio Rerio) with body weight ranging from 0.14 to 0.20 g were used in all the experiments, where 36 zebra fish were taken to observe the hemodynamic changes after radiation, and the other 36 zebra fish were used to study the intervention effect of Siwu decoction on the blood injury after radiation. Zebra fish was irradiated with 20 Gy of 60Co gamma-rays at a dose rate of 97.33 cGy/min. For the hemodynamic study, the peripheral blood and whole kidney marrow cells (WKMCs)of irradiated zebra fish and non irradiated control were collected on days 7, 14 and 30 after irradiation, respectively, and the cell number was detected by flow cytometry. For the Siwu decoction treatment, 36 zebra fish were randomly divided into non-irradiation group, irradiation group, SW2 000 group ( Siwu decoction was diluted by 2 000-fold) and SW5 000 group ( Siwu decoction was diluted by 5 000-fold). Siwu decoction was given on the second day after irradiation. Then the peripheral blood and WKM cells of zebra fish were collected at 7 d after irradiation for further analysis. Results:After irradiation, the dynamic of blood development of zebra fish were obviously changed with the most blood cell ablation at 7 d post-irradiation. The total number of peripheral blood cells and WKM cells decreased by 26% and 52%( t=4.535, 28.987, P<0.05), the number of myeloid monocytes, lymphocytes, and red blood cells in the WKM decreased by 46%, 79% and 33%( t=18.457, 66.900, 9.872, P<0.05), and the number of precursor cells decreased by 49% ( P>0.05). The numbers of these blood cells were partly recovered at 14 d after irradiation and returned to the normal level at 30 d after irradiation. In comparison with irradiation alone group, the numbers of WKM cells, myeloid monocytes, progenitor cells, lymphocytes and red blood cells increased by 57%, 125%, 81% and 35%, respectively ( t=12.128, 21.594, 15.473, 4.594, P<0.05), and peripheral red cells did not increase significantly in the SW5 000 group after irradiation. However, SW2 000 had no significant influence on radiation injury of zebra fish blood cells ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Radiation injury of the blood system of zebra fish could be recovered at a month after irradiation, and this radiation damage could be partly intervened by Siwu decoction at a suitable concentration, which provides a reference for the study of blood system regulation of traditional Chinese medicine.

Protective effect of low-dose hydrocortisone on myocardium in early septic shock / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To investigate the effects and mechanisms of low-dose hydrocortisone on myocardial injury in early septic shock rats.Methods:Seventy-two healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into Sham group, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) model group (LPS group) and low dose hydrocortisone intervention group (LD group) according to the random number table method, with 24 rats in each group. The rat model of septic shock was produced by intravenous injection of LPS at 20 mg/kg. Sham group was injected with an equal amount of physiological saline. The LD group was injected 5 mg/kg of hydrocortisone via right femoral vein after model establishment. Sham group and LPS group were injected with an equal amount of physiological saline. Blood pressure and heart rate (HR) of rats in each group were continuously monitored. In each group, 8 rats were sacrificed for arterial blood gas analysis at 0, 3 and 6 hours after model establishment, and the level of plasma N-terminal B-type brain natriuretic peptide precursor (NT-proBNP) was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expressions of cleaved-caspase-3 and nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65) were detected by Western Blot. Myocardial tissue was harvested 6 hours after model establishment, the histopathological changes were observed by hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining, and the apoptosis rate of myocardial cells was detected by terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL).Results:After LPS injection, mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased significantly at 1 hour, then gradually increased, and was significantly higher than Sham group at 6 hours. There was no significant change in HR, and the difference was not statistically significant compared with Sham group. Blood lactic acid (Lac), base excess (BE), plasma NT-proBNP level, myocardial tissue caspase-3 and NF-κB p65 expression increased with the extension of time, all reach the peak in 6 hours, and significantly higher than Sham group. After early treatment with low-dose hydrocortisone in septic shock, MAP showed an increasing trend and Lac, BE decreased slowly. At 6 hours, MAP, Lac and BE were significantly lower than those in the LPS group [MAP (mmHg, 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa): 98.6±7.5 vs. 106.1±8.5, Lac (mmol/L): 1.29±0.08 vs. 2.42±0.37, BE (mmol/L): 4.45±0.57 vs. 8.18±1.03, all P < 0.05]. The level of plasma NT-proBNP, and the expressions of caspase-3 and NF-κB p65 in myocardial tissue were significantly lower than those in LPS group at 3 hours and 6 hours after low-dose hydrocortisol treatment [NT-proBNP (ng/L): 2 740.56±97.31 vs. 4 425.60±743.32 at 3 hours, 2 638.81±205.12 vs. 4 993.01±373.78 at 6 hours; caspase-3/GAPDH: 0.567±0.045 vs. 0.841±0.162 at 3 hours, 0.496±0.071 vs. 1.116±0.172 at 6 hours; NF-κB p65/GAPDH: 0.852±0.734 vs. 1.232±0.115 at 3 hours, 0.783±0.047 vs. 1.383±0.215 at 6 hours, all P < 0.05]. HE staining results showed that myocardial cells in the LPS group were broken and inflammatory cells infiltrated. The myocardial histopathological changes in LD group were significantly less than those in LPS group. TUNEL staining showed that the apoptosis of myocardial cells in LPS group increased, and the apoptosis rate was significantly higher than that in Sham group [(82.41±1.57)% vs. (5.77±0.69)%, P < 0.05]. The apoptosis rate in LD group was significantly lower than that in LPS group [(27.82±1.77)% vs. (82.41±1.57)%, P < 0.05]. Conclusion:Low-dose hydrocortisone plays a protective role in the myocardial injury of early septic shock, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of caspase-3 and NF-κB p65 expression, the reduction of apoptosis rate and myocardial inhibition.

Data analysis of active surveillance of foodborne diseases in the sentinel hospital of Shiyan City, 2013-2018 / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To investigate the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of foodborne diseases in Shiyan City, and to provide targeted measures for the prevention and control of foodborne diseases. Methods The surveillance data of foodborne diseases reported by Taihe Hospital of Shiyan City from 2013 to 2018 was collected and analyzed. Results A total of 1 742 cases of foodborne diseases were analyzed. The incidence peaked twice during the year, May to August and October to November. The pre-school children (≤6 years old) were at the highest risk of contracting foodborne diseases, and were mainly those in kindergartens, as well as those not in school. Grain and grain products accounted for the highest proportion of the presumably exposed foods． The main location of eating contaminated foods was in households. A total of 1 217 samples were tested, and 92 were positive, of which 71 strains were detected with Salmonella, accounting for the highest proportion. Preschool children and the elderly (≥66 years old) had higher detection rates than others. The food of infants and young children was found to have the highest detection rate. Conclusion According to the epidemiology and etiological characteristics of foodborne diseases in Shiyan City, the publicity and education of food safety should be strengthened and the surveillance network system of foodborne diseases should be further improved.

Research target and progress in hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: As a kind of blood substitutes, hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers have been studied for more than 40 years. The research efforts to achieve this goal have so far gone through three different generations of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers. While the first and second generations entail the hemoglobin’s chemical modification, the third generation of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers involves the encapsulation of hemoglobin within a synthetic membrane. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the latest progress in hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers. METHODS: Using “hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers, red blood cell substitutes, artificial oxygen carriers, artificial blood” as the key words in Chinese and English, respectively, we retrieved the related literatures on the preparation of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers published from 2000 to 2019 in PubMed, CNKI, and WanFang databases. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Hemoglobin from fetus, invertebrate, and reptilian and β-subunit mutant hemoglobin have certain advantages in the preparation of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers. Latest progress has been made mainly in the modification and encapsulation of hemoglobin. And combined use of other drugs can reduce the vascular toxicity of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers. Some new possibilities in the application of hemoglobin oxygen carriers have been found, but the application of new hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers as red blood cell substitutes needs more animal experiments and clinical trials in the future.

Study on chemical constituents in acid hydrolysates of Panax notoginseng saponins / 中草药

Objective: To study the chemical constituents in acid hydrolysates of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS). Methods: These compounds were separated and purified by column chromatography, and their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic analyses (HR-ESI-MS, ESI-MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HSQC and HMBC). Results: Eighteen compounds were obtained from the acid hydrolysates of PNS and characterized as dammar-25-ene-24-hydroperoxyl-3β,6α,12β,20S-tetraol (1), 6α,12β,20S-trihydroxy- dammarane-24-ene-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), 6α,12β,20R-trihydroxy-dammarane-24-ene-3-O-β-D- glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), vina-ginsenoside-R8 (4), 24(S)-pseudo-ginsenoside-GQ (5), ginsenoside Rg5 (6), 20 (R)-ginsenoside Rg3 (7), 20(R)-ginsenoside Rk2 (8), 3β,12β-dihydroxy-dammar-(E)-20(22),24-diene-6-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl- (1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (9), 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg2 (10), ginsenoside SL1 (11), 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh1 (12), 20(22) E-ginsenoside Rh4 (13), 25-hydroxy-20(R) ginsenoside-Rh1 (14),3β,6α,12β,20(S)-20,25-epoxy-3,12-dihydroxy-dammarane-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (15), 20(R)-protopanaxadiol (16), 20(R)-protopanaxatriol (17), and 20(S)-protopanaxatriol (18). Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new triterpen saponin, and compounds 2-5 are isolated from P. notoginseng and acid dydrolysates of PNS for the first time.

Study on Quality Standard for Tussilago farfara Formula Granules / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To provide reference for the establishment of quality standard of Tussilago farfara formula granules. METHODS： TLC method was used for qualitative identification of tussilagone in T. farfara formula granules. The content of tussilagone in T. farfara formula granule was determined by HPLC. The determination was performed on a Thermo ODS Hypersil C18 column with the mobile phase consisted of methanol-water （85 ∶ 15， V/V） at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 220 nm， the column temperature was 25 ℃. Sample size was 20 μL.  RESULTS： TLC spots of tussilagone were clear and well-separated， without interference from negative control. The linear range of tussilagone was 1.39-27.75 μg/mL （r＝0.999 9）. The limits of quantification and detection were 0.153 87 and 0.051 42 μg/mL， respectively. RSDs of precision， stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 2％. The recoveries were 97.12％-103.96％ （RSD＝2.60％， n＝6）. CONCLUSIONS： The method is simple， accurate and reproducible， and suitable for quality control of T. farfara formula granules.

Preparation and quality standard of standard decoction of Scrophulariae Radix pieces / 中国中药杂志

The standard decoction of Chinese herbal decoction pieces is a standard reference substance to measure whether different dosage forms of Chinese medicine are basically consistent with those of clinical decoction,and provides new ideas and methods for effectively solving the problems of uneven quality in Chinese medicine dispensing granules. In this study,a systematic method for evaluating the quality of Scrophulariae Radix decoction was established from the perspective of " standard decoction",providing reference for the quality control of the Scrophulariae Radix dispensing granules. 15 batches of Scrophulariae Radix decoction pieces from different origins were collected,and 15 batches of standard decoctions were prepared according to the standardized process with water as solvent.Harpagide and harpagoside were used as quantitative detection indicators to determine the content,calculate the transfer rates and determine the extraction rate. The high performance liquid chromatography( HPLC) was used to establish a standard decoction fingerprint analysis method. The results showed that the transfer rates of harpagide and harpagoside in 15 batches of Scrophulariae Radix pieces standard decoction were( 70. 84±13. 39) % and( 48. 56±6. 40) % respectively; the extraction rate was( 57. 47±5. 89) %. Nine peaks were identified in the HPLC fingerprint,and the similarity was higher than 0. 97 between the fingerprints of 15 batches of standard decoction and the control fingerprint. In this study,the preparation process of standard decoction of Scrophulariae Radix pieces conformed to the traditional decoction preparation method. The sources of the samples were representative,and the established fingerprint method was stable and feasible,which can provide reference for the preparation and quality control of Scrophulariae Radix dispensing granules.

Nonsurgical treatment of malignant biliary obstructive diseases / 临床肝胆病杂志

Malignant biliary obstructive diseases are caused by various primary or metastatic malignancies of the liver, the biliary tract, and the pancreas, with major clinical manifestations of obstructive jaundice, liver impairment, and cholangitis. Early diagnosis of such patients is difficult, and most patients are in an advanced stage at the time of diagnosis and lose the opportunity for surgical resection. Nonsurgical treatment techniques including biliary drainage and biliary stent implantation play an important role in palliative treatment of patients with unresectable malignant biliary obstructive diseases. The application of new techniques, such as biliary radiofrequency ablation, intraductal brachytherapy, and photodynamic therapy, further promotes the improvement in the effect of nonsurgical treatment methods including biliary drainage. With the help of related research advances, these techniques can be applied in clinical practice in a standardized way.